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ECJ rules on Dutch gambling laws: Industry calls on the European Commission to propose legislation at EU level
Today, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) rendered two preliminary rulings (1) addressing key questions relating to the compliance of the Dutch legislation with the EU Treaty. The cases (C-203/08 and C-258/08) at stake originate in national proceedings involving Ladbrokes and Betfair, two companies, established in the UK.
Sigrid Ligné, Secretary General of the EGBA, said: “The Court has confirmed that if a Member State wants to prohibit or channel gambling through a single operator it has to comply with strict features that we consider are clearly not met in the context of the Dutch legislation. But it is now for the national judge to assess the consistency of the Dutch gambling policy and to make a final decision”.
She adds: “Internet raises new questions and challenges that cannot be resolved through the judicial process. It is for the European legislator to ensure that this IT-based medium which allows for the highest security standards warrants consistent customer protection and fraud control throughout the EU.”
As confirmed by the Internal Market Commissioner Barnier, there is momentum to take action at EU level in the context of a Green Paper (2) and - whenever necessary - through infringement procedures (3) against Member States that do not comply with EU law.
Sigrid Ligné concludes: “We are confident that reform of the gambling laws will take place in the Netherlands, as they already do throughout the EU. Beyond the legal considerations, you also have to look at the reality of the market. There is a consumer demand for online gaming in the Netherlands, like there is all over Europe. Increasingly, EU Member States like Italy, Denmark and France realize that online gaming is a popular leisure activity and are opening their market to competition. EGBA urges the Dutch authorities to also start regulating the market.”
In line with previous case law, the ECJ confirms that under certain strict circumstances a monopoly can be allowed to promote its offer for the purpose of fraud prevention. However, according to the ECJ:
- If the Netherlands is “pursuing a policy of substantially expanding betting and gaming, by excessively inciting and encouraging consumers to participate in such activities (…) it would have to be concluded that such a policy does not limit betting and gaming activities in a consistent and systematic manner and is not, therefore, suitable for achieving the objective of curbing consumer addiction to such activities” (Ladbrokes, case C-258/08, 28)
- “Since the objective of protecting consumers from gambling addiction is, in principle, difficult to reconcile with a policy of expanding games of chance characterised, inter alia, by the creation of new games and by the advertising of such games, such a policy cannot be regarded as being consistent unless the scale of unlawful activity is significant and the measures adopted are aimed at channeling consumers’ propensity to gamble into activities that are lawful” (Idem, point 30)
- In the context of that assessment, it is, specifically, for the national court to determine whether unlawful gaming activities may constitute a problem in the Netherlands and whether the expansion of authorised and regulated activities would be liable to solve such a problem (Idem, point 29).
When it comes to the national licensing schemes, the ECJ also confirms that:
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"Article 49 EC must be interpreted as meaning that the principles of equal treatment and the consequent obligation of transparency are applicable (…) in the field of games of chance” (Betfair case C-203/08, point 62)
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“If a prior administrative authorisation scheme is to be justified even though it derogates from a fundamental freedom, it must be based on objective, non-discriminatory criteria known in advance, in such a way as to circumscribe the exercise of the authorities’ discretion so that it is not used arbitrarily” (Betfair case C-203/08, point 50)
- ENDS -
For more information, please visit http://www.egba.eu or call:
Sigrid Ligne, Secretary General of the EGBA: +32 2 554 08 99
Notes
(1) The preliminary ruling system (under Article 267 TFEU, ex-Article 234 of the EC Treaty) enables national courts to ensure uniform application of EU law in all the Member States. The ECJ has jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings on the interpretation of EU law in relation to specific legal questions raised by the national courts. In such rulings the Court makes every effort to give a reply which will be of assistance in resolving the dispute, but it is for the referring court to draw the appropriate conclusions from that reply in a final decision.
(2) A Green Paper released by the European Commission is a discussion document intended to stimulate debate and launch a process of consultation, at European level, on a particular topic. It may be followed by a White Paper, an official set of proposals for future EU legislation. A Green Paper on gambling is expected to be published by the European Commission in the autumn 2010.
(3) Infringement procedures brought by the European Commission (under Article 258 TFEU, ex-Article 226 of the EC Treaty) allow the ECJ to give a judgment with regard to the compliance of national legislations with EC law. Under such procedure the ECJ does not just give its interpretation of E law on specific selective questions but is able to have a broader analysis assessing as well the factual situation at stake. Seven Member States (Denmark, Finland, France, Sweden, Hungary, the Netherlands and Greece) are currently subject to an infringement procedure in relation to their gambling legislation and have already received a reasoned opinion, the last procedural step before the start of an infringement case at the ECJ.)
About EGBA
The EGBA is an association of leading European gaming and betting operators Bet-at-home.com, bwin, Digibet, Expekt, Interwetten, PartyGaming and Unibet. EGBA is a Brussels-based non-profit association. It promotes the right of private gaming and betting operators that are regulated and licensed in one Member State to a fair market access throughout the European Union. Online gaming and betting is a fast growing market, but will remain for the next decades a limited part of the overall European gaming market in which the traditional land based offer is expected to grow from € 70,5 Billion GGR in 2009 to € 76,5 Billion GGR in 2012, thus keeping the lion’s share with 86,2% of the market. Source: H2 Gambling Capital, January 2010.
Dutch version:
Kansspelen: Hof doet uitspraak over Nederlandse wet: de industrie roept de Europese Commissie op voorstellen te presenteren tot harmonisatie op EU niveau
Brussel, 3 juni 2010: Vandaag heeft het Europees Hof van Justitie (het Hof) uitspraak gedaan in prejudiciële vragen (1) inzake de verenigbaarheid van de Nederlandse kansspelwetgeving met het EU verdrag. De zaken (C-203/08 en C-258/08) komen voort uit national procedures van een tweetal Britse ondernemingen, Ladbrokes en Betfair.
Sigrid Ligné, Secretaris Generaal van de EGBA zei: “Het Hof heeft bevestigd dat als een Lidstaat kansspelen willen verbieden of wil kannaliseren doormiddel van één aanbieder, er aan strikte voorzwaarden dient te worden voldaan, iets wat volgens ons zeker niet het geval in Nederland. Het is aan de Nederlandse rechter om de consistentie van het Nederlandse kansspel beleid te onderzoeken en een definitieve uitspraak te doen.”
Ze voegt eraan toe: ”Het internet roept nieuwe vragen en uitdagingen op die niet kunnen worden opgelost in juridische procedures. Het is nu aan de Europese wetgever om ervoor te zorgdragen dat dit IT medium, dat de hoogste mogelijke veiligheidsstandaarden mogelijk maakt, overal in de EU op gelijke wijze consumentenbescherming en fraudepreventie kan bieden.”
Zoals bevestigd door Interne Markt Commissaris Barnier, is er nu momentum om actie te ondernemen op EU niveau op basis van een groenboek (2) en, waar nodig, door inbreukprocedures (3) tegen Lidstaten die zich niet aan het EU verdrag houden
Ze voegt verder toe: "We zijn ervan overtuigd dat de kansspelwetgeving in Nederland zal worden hervormd, net als in de rest van de EU. Naast alle juridische overwegingen, moet men ook kijken naar de economische realiteit. Net als in alle andere landen is er een groeiend aantal consumenten in Nederland dat online wil spelen. Verschillende Lidstaten, zoals Italië, Denemarken en Frankrijk, erkennen deze realiteit en zijn begonnen de markt open te stellen voor concurrentie. EGBA roept de Nederlandse overheid op om ook over te gaan tot regulering van de markt.”
In lijn met bestaande rechtsspraak heeft het Hof bevestigd dat onder bepaalde strikte voorwaarden een monopolie met het oog op fraude preventie in staat mag worden gesteld zijn aanbod te promoten. Echter, volgens het Hof:
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Als Nederland “een beleid van sterke expansie van de kansspelen voert door de consument op buitensporige wijze te stimuleren en aan te moedigen om hieraan deel te nemen [...], moet worden geconcludeerd dat een dergelijk beleid de activiteiten met betrekking tot weddenschappen niet op samenhangende en stelselmatige wijze beperkt en dus niet geschikt is ter bereiking van de doelstelling, gokverslaving bij de consument te beteugelen” (Ladbrokes, zaak C-245/08, para 28)
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“Aangezien de doelstelling, de consument te beschermen tegen gokverslaving, in beginsel moeilijk verenigbaar is met een expansief kansspelbeleid, dat met name wordt gekenmerkt door de introductie van nieuwe spelen en de reclame hiervoor, zou een dergelijk beleid namelijk slechts kunnen worden beschouwd als samenhangend indien de illegale activiteiten op aanzienlijke schaal plaatsvonden en de getroffen maatregelen tot doel hadden, de goklust van de consument in legale circuits te leiden” (Idem, para 30)
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“In het kader van deze beoordeling staat het met name aan de verwijzende rechter om na te gaan of de illegale activiteiten met betrekking tot weddenschappen in Nederland een probleem kunnen vormen en of een dergelijk probleem kan worden ondervangen door uitbreiding van de toegestane en gereglementeerde activiteiten” (idem, para 29).
Met het oog op nationale vergunningstelsels, bevestigd het Hof dat:
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“49 EG in die zin moet worden uitgelegd dat het beginsel van gelijke behandeling en de daaruit voortvloeiende transparantieverplichting van toepassing zijn [...] op het gebied van de kansspelen” (Betfair zaak C-203/08, para 62)
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"Wil een stelsel van voorafgaande administratieve vergunningen gerechtvaardigd zijn, niettegenstaande het feit dat het aan een fundamentele vrijheid derogeert, dan moet het volgens vaste rechtspraak immers zijn gebaseerd op objectieve criteria, die niet-discriminerend en vooraf kenbaar zijn, waardoor een grens wordt gesteld aan de uitoefening van de beoordelingsbevoegdheid van de autoriteiten opdat deze niet op willekeurige wijze wordt gebruikt” (idem, para 50)
- ENDS -
Voor meer informative kunt u op http://www.egba.eu terecht, of kunt u bellen met:
Maarten Haijer, directeur regelgevende zaken EGBA, tel 0032 2 554 0890
Notes
(1) The preliminary ruling system (under Article 267 TFEU, ex-Article 234 of the EC Treaty) enables national courts to ensure uniform application of EU law in all the Member States. The ECJ has jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings on the interpretation of EU law in relation to specific legal questions raised by the national courts. In such rulings the Court makes every effort to give a reply which will be of assistance in resolving the dispute, but it is for the referring court to draw the appropriate conclusions from that reply in a final decision.
(2) A Green Paper released by the European Commission is a discussion document intended to stimulate debate and launch a process of consultation, at European level, on a particular topic. It may be followed by a White Paper, an official set of proposals for future EU legislation. A Green Paper on gambling is expected to be published by the European Commission in the autumn 2010.
(3) Infringement procedures brought by the European Commission (under Article 258 TFEU, ex-Article 226 of the EC Treaty) allow the ECJ to give a judgment with regard to the compliance of national legislations with EU law. Under such procedure the ECJ does not just give its interpretation of EU law on specific selective questions but is able to have a broader analysis assessing as well the factual situation at stake. Seven Member States (Denmark, Finland, France, Sweden, Hungary, the Netherlands and Greece) are currently subject to an infringement procedure in relation to their gambling legislation and have already received a reasoned opinion, the last procedural step before the start of an infringement case at the ECJ.)
About EGBA
The EGBA is an association of leading European gaming and betting operators Bet-at-home.com, bwin, Digibet, Expekt, Interwetten, PartyGaming and Unibet. EGBA is a Brussels-based non-profit association. It promotes the right of private gaming and betting operators that are regulated and licensed in one Member State to a fair market access throughout the European Union. Online gaming and betting is a fast growing market, but will remain for the next decades a limited part of the overall European gaming market in which the traditional land based offer is expected to grow from € 70,5 Billion GGR in 2009 to € 76,5 Billion GGR in 2012, thus keeping the lion’s share with 86,2% of the market. Source: H2 Gambling Capital, January 2010.
